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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*gu"r/el face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"beautiful face="Times New Roman Star"êðàñèâûé face="Times New Roman Star"gu"zel face="Times New Roman Star"ku"zel (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"gu.zal face="Times New Roman Star"go"za"l face="Times New Roman Star"go"za"l face="Times New Roman Star"go"zel face="Times New Roman Star"ko"zo"l face="Times New Roman Star"ko"zel face="Times New Roman Star"go"za"l face="Times New Roman Star"guzal/ (K) face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 3, 63-64, VEWT 295. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:c?- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to criticize, malice face="Times New Roman Star"êðèòèêîâàòü, çëîáñòâîâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?ur- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?|y- (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:z?|yt 'reproach' face="Times New Roman Star"xysxar- 'to reproach, blame', xyz?|yr- 'to tease smb.' face="Times New Roman Star"ky:hyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?yry- 'to tease, ridicule' face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?|yn- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 59. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAs-tyrma face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"penthouse face="Times New Roman Star"íàâåñ face="Times New Roman Star"bastyrma (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"basturma (R - Zenker ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo|stirma face="Times New Roman Star"bassyrma face="Times New Roman Star"bastyrma face="Times New Roman Star"bastyrma face="Times New Roman Star"bastyrma face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 528. Formally derived from *bastyr- 'to cause to press' - which seems rather far-fetched semantically. We may deal here rather with a compound of *bas + *terme 'wall, building', secondary influenced by *bastyr-ma, *bastyr-yk 'pole for fixing hay and sheaves', see ÝÑÒß 2, 76-77. face="Times New Roman Star"*sogra- ? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to search (through) 2 to ask face="Times New Roman Star"1 îáûñêèâàòü 2 ñïðàøèâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"sog|rut- 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"sora- 1, sorag|aq 'search, perquisition' (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"s?yra- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 816. Ôåäîòîâ 2, 466-467 derives the Chuv. form < *so:r(a)- 'ask' (v. sub *so:/ra ), but the initial s?- remains unclear in both cases. Because of this, and because of the Hapax nature of the OT form the it is actually not quite clear whether the root *sogra- exists at all. An argument in its favour is the semantic match between OT and Chagatai and the resulting semantic distinction (*'search (through)') from *so:r(a)- 'ask'. face="Times New Roman Star"*sogly- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to thrust the hand (into one's bosom) face="Times New Roman Star"çàñîâûâàòü ðóêó (çà ïàçóõó) face="Times New Roman Star"sog|ly- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 810. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAlyg face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wounded face="Times New Roman Star"ðàíåíûé face="Times New Roman Star"balyg| (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"balyg| (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"palyg| face="Times New Roman Star"palyg| face="Times New Roman Star"balu face="Times New Roman Star"balyg| face="Times New Roman Star"balyg| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 53, EDT 335, ÝÑÒß 2, 88-89. Turk. > Bur. bala 'bruise, injury'. face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be destroyed, ruined 2 to destroy face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàçðóøàòüñÿ, ðàçîðÿòüñÿ 2 ðàçðóøàòü face="Times New Roman Star"bo"l- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"OKypch. bu"l- 'to remove, fire' (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"lu"n- 'to be alarmed' face="Times New Roman Star"bu"lin- 1, bu"ldir- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bo"l- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"l- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 92, EDT 332. face="Times New Roman Star"*sAg[u]n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"arrow, arrow head face="Times New Roman Star"ñòðåëà, íàêîíå÷íèê ñòðåëû face="Times New Roman Star"sag|an (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an face="Times New Roman Star"sog|on, so:n face="Times New Roman Star"sog|un face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 426, ÝÑÒß 7. Stachowski (193) relates here also Yak. ono-g|os, Dolg. ono-gos 'arrow', which may be right if onog|os < *sagun-gac? with secondary vowel shortening (although the root should be kept distinct from *sokym / *sokan, derived from *sok- 'to pierce, hit' - medial *-g- cannot be explained). See also notes to *sAgut 'vessel'. face="Times New Roman Star"*ToK- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"weasel face="Times New Roman Star"ëàñêà face="Times New Roman Star"totxanax (Sag.) face="Times New Roman Star"toqynas, toqumas, toqumdas (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"toqtonoq face="Times New Roman Star"toqtan (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 485. A local Syberian form, probably a compound of the expected *dog- with some obscure second component (possibly *dog-kumtyr/ 'weasel-beaver'). face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ak- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to bind, fetters, harness face="Times New Roman Star"ñâÿçûâàòü, îêîâû, óïðÿæü face="Times New Roman Star"c?akyl- 'to be bound, fastened' (of yoke animals), c?ag|an 'camel fetters' face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|an 'camel fetters' face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqy 'stick for binding horses' face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyldaq 'rope harness' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 94, 96 (but Oyr. c?aky is regarded as borrowed < Mong. c?aqu, on which see *c?`ak`V ). face="Times New Roman Star"*jaka face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"rent, lease face="Times New Roman Star"ïëàòà, íàåì face="Times New Roman Star"jaqa (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 898. face="Times New Roman Star"*sogur ( ? -a-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a small fur animal (marmot) face="Times New Roman Star"âèä ãðûçóíà (ñóðîê) face="Times New Roman Star"sog|ur (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"suwyr face="Times New Roman Star"syg|yrg|an 'a small rodent' face="Times New Roman Star"súw|vúw|r face="Times New Roman Star"hywyr face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 815, VEWT 416, 425, ÝÑÒß 7. face="Times New Roman Star"*je:bke face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wolverine face="Times New Roman Star"ðîñîìàõà face="Times New Roman Star"jekpe face="Times New Roman Star"siegen face="Times New Roman Star"hiegen face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekpe face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 195, Stachowski 103. face="Times New Roman Star"*ged face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"very, extremely face="Times New Roman Star"î÷åíü, âåñüìà face="Times New Roman Star"ked (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ked| (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kej (Osm.) face="Times New Roman Star"gej face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 700 (with a quite dubious hypothesis of borrowing < Sogd.). face="Times New Roman Star"*sAm- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 a complicated affair with no obvious way out 2 to be sad, tired 3 to rave 4 fool face="Times New Roman Star"1 çàòðóäíèòåëüíîå äåëî, ïîëîæåíèå 2 áûòü ïå÷àëüíûì, óñòàëûì 3 áðåäèòü 4 ãëóïåö face="Times New Roman Star"samurtug| 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"samra- 3, samsyq 4 face="Times New Roman Star"samzyl- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 830. face="Times New Roman Star"*Tus- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 profit, benefit 2 to be profitable face="Times New Roman Star"1 âûãîäà 2 áûòü âûãîäíûì face="Times New Roman Star"tusu 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tusu 1 (MK ), tus- 2, tusug|lug| 'good service' (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"tuza face="Times New Roman Star"tuza face="Times New Roman Star"tuha face="Times New Roman Star"tuha-la:- 'be helpful', tuhan- 'use' face="Times New Roman Star"duza face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 501, Stachowski 230. Turk. > MMong. (MA ) tusa, WMong. tusa 'help, service' (see Clark 1977 , 157, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 159; not vice versa, despite Sinor 1970 ), whence Man. tusa etc., see Doerfer MT 100, and possibly some modern Turkic forms as backloans. face="Times New Roman Star"*berk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"mighty face="Times New Roman Star"ìîùíûé, êðåïêèé face="Times New Roman Star"berk (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"berk (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"berk face="Times New Roman Star"berk (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"perik face="Times New Roman Star"ba"rk face="Times New Roman Star"berk face="Times New Roman Star"parga face="Times New Roman Star"bert face="Times New Roman Star"bert face="Times New Roman Star"beri>k face="Times New Roman Star"biri>k face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 361-362, ÝÑÒß 2, 116-120, Stachowski 58. face="Times New Roman Star"*e:n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"breadth, width face="Times New Roman Star"øèðèíà face="Times New Roman Star"en (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"en face="Times New Roman Star"in| face="Times New Roman Star"en face="Times New Roman Star"a"n face="Times New Roman Star"en face="Times New Roman Star"i:n face="Times New Roman Star"in face="Times New Roman Star"en face="Times New Roman Star"ha"n, ha":n face="Times New Roman Star"an face="Times New Roman Star"ien face="Times New Roman Star"ien face="Times New Roman Star"en face="Times New Roman Star"en face="Times New Roman Star"en face="Times New Roman Star"in| face="Times New Roman Star"en face="Times New Roman Star"en face="Times New Roman Star"en face="Times New Roman Star"en face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 165, VEWT 43, ÝÑÒß 1, 352, Åãîðîâ 26, Stachowski 122. face="Times New Roman Star"*er- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 coquetry 2 cockering, endearment 3 cockered, beloved 4 entertainment , joke face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîêåòñòâî 2 áàëîâñòâî, ëàñêà 3 èçáàëîâàííûé, ëþáèìûé 4 çàáàâà, øóòêà face="Times New Roman Star"erke (dial.) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3, (dial.) irma"k 4 face="Times New Roman Star"erke 1, 2, 3 (Abush. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"erka" 1, 3, ermak 4 face="Times New Roman Star"a"rka" 3, erma"k 4 face="Times New Roman Star"a"rka" (dial.) 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ermek 4 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3 face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, erbek 4 face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek, erbek 4 face="Times New Roman Star"j@rg@n `wriggler, trickster' (Ashm.) face="Times New Roman Star"erke 2 face="Times New Roman Star"erg|e 2 face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4 face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4 face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3 face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3, irma"k 4 face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3 face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4 face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 48, ÝÑÒß 1, 296-297, 300-301, TMN 2, 181-182. The root is widely spread, although unattested in older sources; its relationship to *eril/- 'contest' (suggested in ÝÑÒß 297) is dubious. face="Times New Roman Star"*ud-luk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hip, thigh face="Times New Roman Star"áåäðî face="Times New Roman Star"udluq (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ud|luq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ujluk face="Times New Roman Star"ujluq (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"utuq, otuq face="Times New Roman Star"ujluq, uwluq face="Times New Roman Star"ustux 'knee' face="Times New Roman Star"ustuq face="Times New Roman Star"ulluk face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 55, VEWT 510, ÝÑÒß 1, 578-579, Ëåêñèêà 282.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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